The first stage of labor is characterized by:
a) Cervical dilation and effacement
b) Expulsion of the fetus
c) Delivery of the placenta
d) Postpartum hemorrhage
Lochia serosa is expected to last for how many days postpartum?
a) 1–3 days
b) 4–10 days
c) 11–14 days
d) 15–21 days
Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining pregnancy?
a) Estrogen
b) Oxytocin
c) Progesterone
d) Prolactin
Which of the following is a sign of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)?
a) Bradycardia
b) Proteinuria
c) Hyperglycemia
d) Hypothermia
The most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is:
a) Retained placenta
b) Uterine atony
c) Cervical tear
d) Coagulation disorder
The most common presentation of the fetus at term is:
a) Breech
b) Transverse
c) Cephalic
d) Compound
The primary aim of antenatal care is to:
a) Monitor fetal growth and maternal health
b) Detect and prevent pregnancy complications
c) Provide education and psychological support
d) All of the above
The most common cause of maternal mortality worldwide is:
a) Hemorrhage
b) Infections
c) Hypertension
d) Embolism
The ideal number of recommended antenatal visits according to WHO guidelines is:
a) 2 visits
b) 4 visits
c) 8 visits
d) 12 visits
The recommended exclusive breastfeeding duration by WHO is:
a) 3 months
b) 6 months
c) 9 months
d) 12 months
The APGAR score assesses all of the following EXCEPT:
a) Heart rate
b) Muscle tone
c) Blood pressure
d) Respiratory effort
The term “primigravida” refers to:
a) A woman who has never been pregnant
b) A woman pregnant for the first time
c) A woman who has had multiple pregnancies
d) A woman in labor for the first time
Which of the following is the best indicator of true labor?
a) Irregular contractions
b) Cervical dilation
c) Fetal movement reduction
d) Rupture of membranes
A newborn is considered premature if born before:
4 points
a) 28 weeks
b) 32 weeks
c) 34 weeks
d) 37 weeks
The normal fetal heart rate during labor ranges between:
6 points
a) 60–100 bpm
b) 100–120 bpm
c) 120–160 bpm
d) 160–200 bpm