School of post basic critical care nursing under the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada announces the sales of 2024/2025 admission forms.
Be a registered Nurse with a valid practicing license issued by the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria.
Possess five (5) credits pass in the following O’ level subjects: English Language, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, and Physics, and in not more than 2 (two) sittings.
How To Apply
The form is obtainable at non-refundable amount of seven thousand two hundred naira (#7,200) from the School only. #200 should also be paid into the FMC NMCC, ACCT NO: 2034009628, First Bank.
NB: There is no online sales of form.
Do not pay money to any individual except at the hospital pay points as directed by the School.
Deadline
The sale of forms ends on the 19th of May, 2024.
For inquiries
If you have any other requests aside from what you have read, please reach out to these numbers as provided by the School authority: 08056206826, 08055475957, 0803676759, or by email at intensecare@yahoo.com
Date for the 2024/2025 Entrance Exam
The Written Exam will take place on Thursday, being 17th of May, 2024.
The Oral Exam will take place on Friday, being 18th of May, 2024
Venue: The venue for the exam is in the School Complex Auditorium.
We will take it gradually so we can understand what it entails.
What is Drip?
Drip is different from the drip you know when it comes to the medical field.
Hospital drip
To differentiate it from other drips, we prefer to call it a hospital drip.
Drip in the medical field is an intravenous liquid device used for administering a fluid drop-by-drop into a vein through an intravenous (IV) route.
Its benefits are in the treatment by enabling water, medication, blood, or nutrients to access the body faster through the circulatory system and because it bypasses the digestive system and goes directly into the organs, resulting in a 90-100% absorption rate (as opposed to only 20-50% possible orally). That is, you as a health professional can use an IV to deliver other medications, vitamins, blood, or other fluids to your patients.
How many hospital drips do we have?
Normal Saline Infusion B.P. (0.9%w/v)
5% Dextrose Infusion B.P.
0.45 Drip (usually for children)
Content of 500ml Normal Saline
Each 100ml contains 0.9g of Sodium Chloride B.P, Water for injections B.P., Electrolytes of Sodium 150 and chloride 150, and calculated Osmolarity of 300 mOsm/liter.
Who is to be given normal saline drip?
Normal saline is sometimes used in diabetic patients for rehydration and for patients with hypotension. Normal saline is to hydrate cells and deliver electrolytes. Another name for saline is salt, and salt is known to boost blood pressure in hypertensive patients.
It can also treat:
hemorrhage
hypovolemia
sepsis
mild sodium depletion
and metabolic alkalosis
Content of 5% Dextrose Infusion
Each 100ml contains:
Glucose equivalent to Glucose Anhydrous B.P. of 5.0g, Water for injections B.P., Cal/Litre of 187, and Calculated Osmolarity of 277mOsm/liter.
Who is to be given dextrose saline?
Dextrose saline is not to be given to diabetic patients as it contains glucose. It’s mostly used in hypoglycemia patients and for hydration. It can be used with other medications such as Bico injection, Quinine injection, etc for treating malaria.
That is, Dextrose is used to provide carbohydrate calories to a patient who finds it difficult to eat because of illness, trauma, or other medical conditions. It is sometimes given to patients to flush their body system.
Dextrose may also be used to treat high levels of potassium in the blood.
Cautions for usage
Normal and dextrose saline drips
Do not use if the container leaks.
Do not use if solution is not clear
Use immediately following the insertion of the infusion set.
Nassarawa State of Nursing has announced her sales of admission forms for 2024/2025 academic session.
The portal for registration for Basic Midwifery will open by the 15th of May 2024.
Admission Requirements
Five (5) credits in the following subjects: English language, Mathematics, Physics, Biology, and Chemistry and in not more than two sittings in WAEC, NECO, or GCE.
Deadline for 2024/2025 sales of forms
The deadline is not yet known.
How to Apply
Kindly visit the school portal at https://nascns.edu.ng and proceed with your application.
Entrance Exam For Nasarawa State College of Nursing
The date for the entrance exam is on the 30th of March, 2024.
College of Nursing Sciences Mbano, in Imo State (an affiliate of Imo State University, Owerri) announces the sale of forms for the National Diploma/Higher National Diploma (ND/HND) in Nursing program for 2024/2025 academic session.
The admission into the program is strictly through Jamb
Eligibility
Candidates with a minimum of 5 credit passes in WAEC/NECO or NABTEB in English Language, Mathematics, Chemistry, Biology, and Physics (in no more than two sittings) are eligible to apply.
For further inquiries call: 09060288522/07044169900
NB:
Basic Midwifery interview is scheduled for Saturday 23rd March, 2024
Admission into the Basic Nursing program ends on the 27th of April, 2024.
How To Apply
Interested candidates are expected to apply online by using the college website at www.consmbano.edu.ng/apply
Candidates are to pay an application fee by generating a Remita Retrieval Reference (RRR) from the college website.
Make a payment online or at any commercial bank with the RRR generated from the college website.
Come back to the website and complete your application process.
The Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria has announced the release of the results of the Professional Examination in Midwifery written in March 2024.
Candidates who sat for this exam can now log in to the portal (portal.nmcn.gov.ng) and check for their results.
Congratulations to all those who passed!
Further information can be accessed in the images below!
Post Pill and Postinor-2 are emergency contraceptive drugs; that is, they are the drugs that married women use to prevent pregnancy after sexual intercourse when they are not ready to welcome a baby.
Apart from married women, Post Pill and Postinor-2 can also be used to prevent pregnancy after a sexual assault, or a contraceptive failure such as when a condom breaks, when they miss taking their contraceptive pills or injections, or do not abstain from sexual intercourse during their period.
Instead of committing an abortion, which can result in so many medical complications, it’s better for married women to take Post Pill or Postinor-2 after sexual intercourse with their husbands to prevent unwanted pregnancies. Globally, many unplanned pregnancies end up being aborted in safe and unsafe conditions sometimes leading to deaths and increasing the rate of mortality.
However, this issue of unplanned pregnancies can be curtailed with the holistic use of Post Pill or Postinor-2.
How long has been Postinor-2?
Postinor-2 as an emergency contraceptive drug has been available for over 40 years now but remains underutilized and unknown to many people. Its lack of awareness reduces the usage of Postinor-2, but its usage is high in sexually active people who are aware of Postinor-2.
What does Postinor-2 do to your body?
As an emergency contraceptive, Postinor-2 works primarily by delaying ovulation.
What is the difference between Postinor-1 and Postinor-2?
Postinor-1 as a hormonal pill contains 1.5mg of levonorgestrel, and it can be taken as a single dose. Whereas Postinor-2 is half in dosage compared to Postinor-1, can be taken on two different occasions. It was found to be less effective than taking one single dose.
Post Pill and Postinor-2
Do not be confused about the two. It’s just a brand name. The Post Pill works the same thing as Postinor-1 and Postinor-2. They are examples of pills used to control unplanned pregnancies or emergency birth control.
Both are emergency contraceptives and work primarily by delaying ovulation. Ovulation is the period when the matured egg is released from one of the ovaries.
Some studies suggest that both pills may also work by preventing sperm from reaching an egg, so both types of birth control pills will stop female patients from getting pregnant.
However, some people may prefer one type of birth control pill over another. It is normal, that not everyone takes M&B Paracetamol, and some would rather take Emzor Paracetamol. Remember, they are the same pills but produced by different companies. Just as you have Dangote and Bua spaghetti.
What are the differences between Post Pill and Postinor?
Both Post pill and Postinor-2 contain progesterone. This hormone helps prevent pregnancy by delaying ovulation. Studies suggest that it also thickens cervical mucus and makes it more difficult for sperm to reach an egg.
Progesterone also thins the lining of the uterus, making it less likely for fertilized eggs to implant. Progesterone could cause infertility in women whenever it is high.
When to take Post Pill or Postinor?
These emergency contraceptives normally come in different doses oftentimes.
That does not make Post pill better or superior to Postinor2 and vice versa.
It is the responsibility of your doctor to prescribe, or perhaps if you look closely at their leaflets, you will find out the recommended dose for each contains the same amount of Progesterone: 1,500 mg of Levonorgestrel. But, this is lower in Postinor-2. Thus, Postinor-2 comes with a multiple dose which is taken twice a day.
This can either come in the form of two tablets or one, and as a single dose or multiple doses per day.
If you buy Postinor-2 which contains two tablets, you can take both together simultaneously with the knowledge of your doctor. Or you can take one tablet and the other 12 hours afterwards.
The most important thing to consider in timing is having the full dose as soon as possible within 72 hours after sex with your spouse and, where possible, before ovulation.
Who can take Post Pill or Postinor-2?
Post Pill or Postinor-2 can be taken by women of reproductive ages, and also adolescents. Once they are sexually active and can conceive. It is not to be used in suspected pregnancy, or people who are hypersensitive to Levonorgestrel.
How to use Postinor-2 or Post Pill?
Post Pill and Postinor contain 1.5mg of synthetic progestogen hormones known as Levonorgestrel. It’s a white to off-white, round, bevel-edged, flat-faced tablet.
Post-pill or Postinor is taken once daily. It should be taken within 72 hours (3 days) after unprotected sexual intercourse, rape, or contraceptive failure. The earlier you take it, the more effective it will be. If you vomit after two hours of taking it, you should repeat it rather than stop, and it can be taken anytime during your menstrual cycle.
Can I take Postinor-2 or Post Pill more than once in a monthly cycle?
There is no total recommended quantity for postinor-2 or post-pill tablets to be taken in a month. Experts have advised that it should be only taken occasionally rather than regularly. Even though it does not pose any health risks, it’s medically safe but it can disrupt the menstrual cycle such as having a shorter/longer cycle or heavier/ lighter cycle than normal if you eventually take it often. However, it would be in your best interest not to take Postinor or PostPill more than once in a monthly cycle. If you need to have it more often, it is recommended you should get a regular, ongoing method of contraception as it is the most effective way to prevent pregnancy.
Can a breastfeeding mother take postinor-2?
A breastfeeding mother has the chance to take in at the time of breastfeeding her baby so she can take Postinor 2 when she’s not sure of herself after sexual intercourse with her spouse. She should monitor herself on when to meet with the husband to prevent pregnancy. This is because a small amount passes into the breast milk, so the recommendation is for mothers to take the tablet just after breastfeeding if they must. Then feed their babies with expressed milk until they have taken the second tablet.
How safe is Post Pill or Postinor?
Post Pill or Postinor is safe. Extensive research and many years of usage have shown that emergency contraceptives such as the Pill and Postinor are safe. They do not affect fertility or increase the risk of cancer or long-term effects. Although they have side effects, these have been temporary side effects. Emergency contraceptives, over the years, are safe and have been the most effective way to prevent unwanted and unplanned pregnancies.
Side effects of Postinor or Post Pill
The following side effects have been recorded in women who take Post Pill or Postinor:
Menstrual changes such as heavier or lighter bleeding.
Nausea
Vomiting
Lower abdominal pain
Fatigue
Headache
Dizziness
Breast tenderness
Delay of menses
What to know when taking a Pill or Postinor
Effects on Menses: Fewer than women may experience spotting for a few days after taking a Post Pill or Postinor. But this ain’t your monthly period, also your menstrual bleeding may occur earlier or later by a few days. If your menses are delayed more than one week from the expected date, boom it could be pregnancy.
Abortion Drug: Post-Pill or Postinor are not abortion drugs, and can not terminate an existing pregnancy.
Ectopic Pregnancy: Emergency contraceptives are not responsible for terminating ectopic pregnancy. If you still become pregnant or develop severe abdominal pain after taking Post Pill or Postinor, visit your doctor for a proper medical checkup of ectopic pregnancy.
HIV/STDs: Post Pill or Postinor cannot protect you against HIV infection, STDs, or STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections).
How much does Post Pill or Postinor-2 cost?
You can get Post Pill or Postinor-2 from #1,900 to #2,500. This also largely depends on the brand of emergency contraceptives that you are going for. Most Pharmacies even sell more than these prices.
Kano state college of Nursing announces sales of form for Basic Midwifery And Community Midwifery in the following department:
Department of Midwifery Kano Campus.
Department of Midwifery Madobi Campus.
Department of Midwifery Gwarzo Campus.
Department of Midwifery Dambatta Campus.
Admission Requirements
Applicants must possess five (5) credits in English, Mathematics, Biology, Physics, and Chemistry in their SSCE/GCE in not more than two (2) sittings , and or one (1) sitting in NABTEB.
All applicants for Community Midwifery must be from the Local government outside Kano metropolis (but applicants from Kumbotso and Unogoggo are also eligible to apply)
Interested applicants can apply for community midwifery or basic midwifery in any of the aforementioned campuses.
Application deadline
This application closes on the 8th of March, 2024.
Application Fee
The Basic Midwifery form goes for #5,000 and for Community Midwifery goes for #2,000. Interested applicants are advised to get the form at the stipulated time.
How To Apply
Interested applicants are encouraged to visit the school website for further information.
Click here for Schools that do not require Jamb for admission into nursing.
Lincomycin 500mg is an antibiotic that is made in the form of a hard gelatin capsule usually used to treat strong infections caused by sensitive bacteria. The main active ingredient contained in Lincomycin 500mg is lincosamides, which is a culture from streptomyces lincolnensis.
Properties of Lincomycin (500mg)
Microbiologically, depending on the sensitivity of microorganism and the concentration of the antibiotic, Lincomycin may be either Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic.
Lincomycin (500mg) oral dosage
After oral administration, the absorption is 20-30%. That is, after an oral dose of 500mg peak levels are 3g/ml and are reached within 2 to 4 hours. This value decreases if Lincomycin is taken with meal.
If the causative agent is Gram-positive organisms, serum levels are maintained above MIC between 1 and 2 mcg/ ml for 6- 8 hours.
Lincomycin injection
IM administration of a single dose of 600 mg produces a peak serum level of 12-20 micrograms/ml at half to one hour with detectable concentration as long as 24 hours.
The IV infusion over 2-hour intervals of 600 mg of Lincomycin resulted in a maximum serum concentration of 20 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes yielding a concentration of 1-2 micrograms/ ml at 14 hours.
What is the dosage of Lincomycin
Lincomycin (500mg) is normally taken with water orally and is taken 1 hour before or after meals. Always tell your patients to use water to take the drug. The dose of Lincomycin for adults is always 500mg to which the adults take the capsule daily 3 to 4 times.
For your patients who are children, and must be from 1 month old, the dose of Lincomycin for them is from 30 to 60mg/kg/day and the Lincomycin syrup can be orally administered to them.
What is the side effects of Lincomycin?
Every drug has side effects, that’s why you should be careful when administering drugs to your patients. Reactions like gastrointestinal glossitis, stomatitis, nausea, vomiting, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and colitis have been said to be the side effects of Lincomycin. If your patient is allergic to Lincomycin, kindly discontinue the drugs upon your discovery.
What is Lincomycin used for?
Lincomycin is used to treat infections caused by susceptible strains of Gram-positive anaerobes Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumonia, Septicaemia, Endocarditis, abscess, peritonitis, pelvic infections, bone and joint infections, URTI, LRTI, and Bacillary dysentery
Is Lincomycin safe in pregnancy?
There are limited data on the use of lincomycin in pregnancy. Although, almost all antibiotics have significant medical effects on pregnant women. Strictly, it should not be given to a pregnant woman who is hypersensitive to Lincomycin.
Can a breastfeeding mother take Lincomycin?
Unlike some other antibiotics, there are no adequate reports or studies on the effects of Lincomycin on nursing mothers. Lincomycin is excreted into human breast milk, achieving concentrations of 0.5-2.4mcg/ml. Even if the mother breastfeeds the newborn, out of the 100% absorption, the daily dose would be <2mg.
Brands of Lincomycin in the market
There are many brands of Lincomycin in the market ranging from different companies such as Greenlife Pharm., Embassy Pharm., Maydon Pharm., Derms Pharm., Geneith Pharm., etc. All Lincomycin are the same because they are composed of the same active ingredients of lincosamide, unless in the case where the company comprises in the right percentage of it.
Lincomycin price in Nigeria
Lincomycin of different companies sell at almost the same price, unless the company whose Lincomycin is more popular than the others. The current price of Lincomycin is about #7000 to #8000 per roll of 10 packets. Each card is around #250 to #300.
Piperaquine is an anti malarial drug, which was the first quinolone synthesized in the 1960s, and was used extensively for the treatment of malaria in China.
The usage became obsolete as Plasmodium falciparum became resistant to Piperaquine, and that brought about its combination with artemisinin-based antimalarials.
It’s believed that Chinese scientists discovered that piperaquine became a suitable combination with artemisinin combination therapies (Acts).
Characteristics of Piperaquine
Piperaquine has a slow absorption rate and a long biological half-life which makes it a good partner drug with artemisinin derivatives and is fast acting, although have a short biological half-life.
Piperaquine has been used to replace Chloroquine and has played a huge role in the treatment of malaria.
Piperaquine has a slow onset of action, but a long half-life which makes it unique and lasts as long as 36 days.
When Piperaquine is taken orally, 80-90% of it is absorbed within 24 hours.
Piperaquine is distributed in the body where it fights the parasite, especially in the liver, kidney, lungs, etc.
Piperaquine cannot be easily gotten rid of because its half-life is always 9.4 days or more.
Piperaquine goes out of the body through the bile.
Mode of action of Piperaquine
Piperaquine always binds with hematin to form a toxic complex for the parasite inside its food vacuole
Piperaquine, as a weak base, tends to have high lipophilic
The properties of Piperaquine help to distribute drugs in a high volume when inside the parasite lipid membrane.
Characteristics of Dihydroartemisinin
When administered orally, it facilitates its rapid absorption, and the maximum blood concentration is attained within 1 hour with a half-life of about 4 hours.
It’s also distributed in the liver, kidneys, and bile.
Dihydroartemisinin is excreted from the body through urine, and faeces within 24 hours.
Mode of action of Dihydroartemisinin
Dihydroartemisinin is activated by heme which is present in the blood.
Once they are activated, they form free radicals. which are made of carbon.
These free radicals formed by carbon kill parasites in various ways.
The free radicals formed by carbon damage the lipids and vacuole membrane of the parasite.
They inactivate the parasite’s protein
They also obstruct the conversion of hamatin to hemozoin.
This combination of Piperaquine and Dihydroartemisinin has shown highest cure rates as compared to other ACTs, and they clear the parasites about 99.8% witchin 24 hours. Although, some people react to this combination when administered.
Contraindications of Dihydroartemisinin and Piperaquine
It’s not safe for pregnant women during the first 3 months of pregnancy.
Patients who are hypersensitivity to any of the components should not take it.
