Nursing Info

Today, we shall be looking at medical-surgical nursing questions and answers. The aim is to prepare us ahead of any professional exam.

1. The nurse counts an adult’s apical heartbeat at 110 beats per minute. The nurse describes this as:

1. asystole.
2. bigeminy.
3. tachycardia.
4. bradycardia.

2. A client has an elevated AST 24 hours following chest pain and shortness of breath. This is suggestive of which of the following?

1. Gallbladder disease
2. Liver disease
3. Myocardial infarction
4. Skeletal muscle injury

3. An adult has a coagulation time of 20 minutes. The nurse should observe the client for which of the following?

1. Blood clots
2. Ecchymotic areas
3. Jaundice
4. Infection

4. A prothrombin time test should be performed regularly on persons who are taking which medication?

1. Heparin
2. Warfarin
3. Phenobarbital
4. Digoxin

5. Which prothrombin time value would be considered normal for a client who is receiving warfarin (Coumadin)?

1. 12 seconds
2. 20 seconds
3. 60 seconds
4. 98 seconds

6. The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving heparin. What drug should be readily available? 1. Vitamin K

2. Caffeine
3. Calcium gluconate
4. Protamine sulfate

7. An adult who is receiving heparin asks the nurse why it cannot be given by mouth. The nurse responds that heparin is given parenterally because:

1. it is destroyed by gastric secretions.
2. it irritates the gastric mucosa.
3. it irritates the intestinal lining.
4. therapeutic levels can be achieved more quickly.

8. An adult who is admitted for a cardiac catheterization asks the nurse if she will be asleep during the cardiac catheterization. What is the best initial response for the nurse to make?

1. “You will be given a general anesthesia.”
2. “You will be sedated but not asleep.”
3. “The doctor will give you an anesthetic if you
   are having too much pain.”
4. “Why do you want to be asleep?”

9. During the admission interview, a client who is admitted for a cardiac catheterization says, “Every time I eat shrimp I get a rash.” What action is essential for the nurse to take at this time?

1. Notify the physician.
2. Ask the client if she gets a rash from any other
   foods.
3. Instruct the dietary department not to give the
   client shrimp.
4. Teach the client the dangers of eating shrimp and other shellfish.

10. The nurse is preparing a client for a cardiac catheterization. Which action would the nurse expect to take?

1. Administer a radioisotope as ordered.
2. Give the client a cleansing enema.
3. Locate and mark peripheral pulses.
4. Encourage high fluid intake before the test.

11. A young adult with a history of rheumatic fever as a child is to have a cardiac catheterization. She asks the nurse why she must have a cardiac catheterization. The nurse’s response
is based on the understanding that cardiac catheterization can accomplish all of the following EXCEPT:

1. assessing heart structures.
2. determining oxygen levels in the heart chambers.
3. evaluating cardiac output.
4. obtaining a biopsy specimen.

12. When a client returns from undergoing a cardiac catheterization, it is most essential for the nurse to:

1. check peripheral pulses.
2. maintain NPO.
3. apply heat to the insertion site.
4. start range of motion exercises immediately.

13. A male client with angina pectoris has been having an increased number of episodes of pain recently. He is admitted for observation. During the admission interview, he tells the nurse that he has been having chest pain during the last week. Which statement by the client would be of greatest concern to the nurse?

1. “I had chest pain while I was walking in the snow on Thursday.”
2. “We went out for a big dinner to celebrate my wife’s birthday, but I couldn’t enjoy it because I got the pain before we got home from the restaurant”
3. “I had chest pain yesterday while I was sitting in the living room watching television.”
4. “I felt pain all the way down my left arm after I was playing with my grandson on Monday.”

14. The nurse responds to the call light of a client who has a history of angina pectoris. He tells the nurse that he has just taken a nitroglycerin tablet sublingually for anginal pain. What action should the nurse take next?

1. If the pain does not subside within five minutes, place a second tablet under his tongue
2. Position him with head lower than feet
3. Administer a narcotic as needed (PRN) for pain if he still has pain in 10 minutes
4. Call his physician and alert the code team for possible intervention.

15. The nurse is teaching an adult who has angina about taking nitroglycerin. The nurse tells him he will know the nitroglycerin is effective when:

1. he experiences tingling under the tongue.
2. his pulse rate increases.
3. his pain subsides.
4. his activity tolerance increases.

16. A client with angina will have to make lifestyle modifications. Which of the following statements by the client would indicate that he understands the necessary modifications in lifestyle to prevent angina attacks?

1. “I know that I will need to eat less, so I will only eat one meal a day.”
2. “I will need to stay in bed all the time so I won’t have the pain.”
3. “I’ll stop what I’m doing whenever I have pain and take a pill.”
4. “I will need to walk more slowly and rest frequently to avoid the angina.”

17. A client who has been treated for angina is discharged in stable condition. At a clinic visit, he tells the nurse he has anginal pain when he has sexual intercourse with his wife. What is the best response for the nurse to make?

1. “Do you have ambivalent feelings toward your wife?”
2. “Many persons with angina have less pain when their partner assumes the top position.”
3. “Be sure that you attempt intercourse only when you are well rested and relaxed.”
4. “You might try having a cocktail before sexual activity to help you relax.”

18. A low-sodium, low-cholesterol, weight-reducing diet is prescribed for an adult with heart disease. The nurse knows that he understands his diet when he chooses which of the following meals?

1. Baked skinless chicken and mashed potatoes
2. Stir-fried Chinese vegetables and rice
3. Tuna fish salad with celery sticks
4. Grilled lean steak with carrots

19. An adult client is admitted with a diagnosis of left-sided congestive heart failure. Which assessment finding would most likely be present?

1. Distended neck veins

2. Dyspnea
3. Hepatomegaly
4. Pitting edema

20. Digoxin (Lanoxin) and furosemide (Lasix) are ordered for a client who has congestive heart failure. Which of the following would the nurse also expect to be ordered for this client?

1. Potassium
2. Calcium
3. Aspirin
4. Coumadin

21. When the nurse is about to administer digoxin to a client, the client says, “I think I need to see the eye doctor. Things seem to look kind of green today.” The nurse takes his vital signs, which are blood pressure = 150/94, pulse = 60 bpm, and respirations = 28. What is the most appropriate initial action for the nurse to take?

1. Administer the medication and record the findings on his chart
2. Withhold the digoxin and report to the charge nurse
3. Request an appointment with the ophthalmologist
4. Reassure the client that he is having a normal reaction to his medication

22. An adult client is admitted to the hospital with peripheral vascular disease of the lower extremities. He has several ischemic ulcers on each ankle and lower leg area. Other parts of his skin are shiny and taut with loss of hair. A primary nursing goal for this client should be to do which of the following?

1. Increase activity tolerance
2. Relieve anxiety
3. Protect from injury
4. Help build a positive body image

23. An adult client who has peripheral vascular disease of the lower extremities was observed smoking in the waiting area. What is the most appropriate response for the nurse to make regarding the client’s smoking?

1. “Smoking is not allowed for patients with blood diseases.”
2. “Smoking causes the blood vessels in your legs to constrict and reduces the blood supply.”
3. “Smoking increases your blood pressure and strains your heart.”
4. “Smoking causes your body to be under greater stress”

24. An adult client with peripheral vascular disease tells the nurse he is afraid his left leg is not improving and may need to be amputated. How should the nurse respond?

1. “You and your wife should discuss your feelings before surgery.”
2. “You sound concerned about your leg and possible surgery.”
3. “It is better to have an amputation when the ulcers are not improving.”
4. “You don’t need to be afraid of surgery.”

25. An adult is diagnosed with hypertension. He is prescribed chlorothiazide (Diuril) 500 mg PO. What nursing instruction is essential for him?

1. Drink at least two quarts of liquid daily.

2. Avoid hard cheeses.
3. Drink orange juice or eat a banana daily.
4. Do not take aspirin

26. A low-sodium diet has been ordered for an adult client. The nurse knows that the client understands his low-sodium diet when the client selects which menu?

1. Tossed salad, carrot sticks, and steak
2. Baked chicken, mashed potatoes, and green beans
3. Hot dog, roll, and coleslaw
4. Chicken noodle soup, applesauce, and cottage cheese

27. A female client is admitted to the hospital with obesity and deep vein thrombophlebitis (DVT) of the right leg. She weighs 275 pounds. Which of the following factors is least related to her diagnosis?

1. She has been taking oral estrogens for the last three years.
2. She smokes two packs of cigarettes daily.
3. Her right femur was fractured recently.
4. She is 30 years old.

28. Which assessment finding would most likely indicate that a client has thrombophlebitis in the leg?

1. Diminished pedal pulses
2. Color changes in the extremities when elevated
3. Red, shiny skin
4. Coolness and pallor in the leg

29. What should be included in the teaching plan for an adult who has hypertension?

1. Reduce dietary calcium.
2. Avoid aerobic exercise.
3. Reduce alcohol intake.
4. Limit fluid intake.

30. The nurse is caring for an elderly client who has congestive heart failure and is taking digoxin. The client should be monitored for which of the following signs of toxicity?

1. Disorientation
2. Weight gain
3. Constipation
4. Dyspnea

31. The licensed practical nurse (LPN) is assisting the registered nurse (RN) in developing the nursing care plan for an older adult who has congestive heart failure. Which nursing diagnosis is most likely to be included?

1. Deficient fluid volume
2. Impaired verbal communication
3. Chronic pain
4. Activity intolerance

32. The nurse is caring for a client who is being evaluated for arteriosclerosis obliterans. Which complaint is the client most likely to have?

1. Burning pain in the legs that wakens him or her at night
2. Numbness of the feet and ankles with exercise
3. Leg pain while walking that becomes severe enough to force him or her to stop
4. Increasing warmth and redness of the legs when they are elevated

33. An adult is admitted with venous thromboembolism. What treatment should the nurse expect during the acute stage?

1. Application of an elastic stocking
2. Ambulation three times a day
3. Passive range of motion exercises to the legs
4. Use of ice packs to control pain

34. The nurse is observing a client who is learning to perform Buerger-Allen exercises. The nurse knows that the client is performing these exercises correctly when the client is observed doing what? Alternately dorsiflexing and plantar flexing the feet while the legs are elevated

2. Massaging the legs beginning at the feet and moving toward the heart
3. Alternately walking short distances and resting with the legs elevated
4. Elevating the legs, then dangling them, and then lying flat for three minutes in each position

35. What should be included in foot care for the client who has a peripheral vascular disorder?

1. Soaking the feet for 20 minutes before washing
   them
2. Walking barefoot only on carpeted floors
3. Applying lotion between the toes to avoid cracking of the skin
4. Avoiding exposure of the legs and feet to the sun

36. An adult male is being evaluated for possible dysrhythmia and is to be placed on a Holter monitor. What instructions should the nurse give him to ensure that this test provides a comprehensive picture of his cardiac status?

1. Remove the electrodes intermittently for hygiene measures.
2. Exercise frequently while the monitor is in place.
3. Keep a diary of all your activities while being monitored.
4. Refrain from activities that precipitate
   symptoms.

37. An older adult is scheduled for coronary arteriography during a cardiac catheterization. Which nursing intervention will be essential as she recovers from the diagnostic procedure on the hospital unit?

1. Encouraging frequent ambulation to prevent deep vein thrombosis
2. Limiting fluid intake to prevent fluid overload
3. Limiting dietary fiber to prevent diarrhea
4. Assessing the arterial puncture site when taking vital signs

38. An older adult is admitted to the hospital with symptoms of severe dyspnea, orthopnea, dia- phoresis, bubbling respirations, and cyanosis. He states that he is afraid “something bad is about
to happen.” How should the nurse position this client?

1. Sitting upright
2. Head lower than feet
3. Supine
4. Prone

39. An adult male has a high level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in proportion to low-density lipoproteins (LDL). How does this relate to his risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD)?

1. His risk for CAD is low.
2. There is no direct correlation.
3. His risk may increase with exercise.
4. His risk will increase with age.

40. A 72-year-old man had a total hip arthroplasty eight days ago. He suddenly develops tenderness in his left calf, a slight temperature elevation, and a positive Homan’s sign. Which of the following will be included in the initial care of this man?

1. Warm packs to the left leg
2. Vigorous massage of the left leg
3. Placing the left leg in a dependent position
4. Performing range of motion exercises to the left leg.

ANSWERS AND RATIONALES

1. 3. Tachycardia in an adult is defined as a heart rate above 100 beats per minute. Asystole is cardiac arrest. There is no heartbeat. Bigeminy means that the heartbeats are coming in pairs.
   Bradycardia in an adult is defined as a heart rate of 60 beats or less per minute.
2. 3. AST is an enzyme released in response to tissue damage. The symptoms are suggestive of myocardial damage. AST rises 24 hours after
   a myocardial infarction. It will also rise when there is liver damage and skeletal muscle injury. This client has symptoms typical of myocardial infarction. Gallbladder disease may present with pain in the right scapula (shoulder blade) region but would not have an elevated AST.
3. 2 The normal clotting time is 9 to 12 minutes. A prolonged clotting time would suggest a bleeding tendency; the client should be observed for signs of bleeding, such as ecchymotic areas. Blood clots would occur with a clotting time of less than normal. Jaundice occurs with liver damage or rapid breakdown of red blood cells, such as is seen in sickle cell anemia. Infection occurs when there are too few white blood cells.
4. 2. A prothrombin time test is done to determine the effectiveness of warfarin. A partial thromboplastin time test is done for persons taking heparin. Phenobarbital and digoxin do not require regular clotting tests. Serum levels of these drugs may be done if the client is on long-term therapy.
5. 2. When a client is receiving Coumadin, the prothrombin time should be 1.5 to 2 times the normal value, which is 11 to 12.5 seconds. Twenty seconds falls within that range. Twelve seconds
   is normal for someone who is not receiving Coumadin. Sixty seconds is normal for a partial thromboplastin time (PTT) test. Ninety-eight seconds on a PTT would be acceptable for a client who is receiving heparin. It should be 1.5 to 2 times the normal range of 60 to 70 seconds.
6. 4. The antidote for heparin is protamine sulfate. Vitamin K is the antidote for Coumadin. Calcium gluconate is the antidote for magnesium sulfate. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant and will increase alertness and heart rate.
7. Heparin is a protein and is destroyed by gastric secretions. It is given either intravenously or subcutaneously for that reason.
8. Persons who are undergoing cardiac catheterization will receive a sedative but are not put to sleep. Their cooperation is needed during the procedure. Asking “why” makes the client defensive and is not appropriate for this client at this time. Give the client the information asked for.
9. Allergy to shellfish is indicative of an allergy to iodine. The dye used in a cardiac catheterization is an iodine dye. Anaphylactic reactions can occur. Because the exam is scheduled for the morning, the nurse should notify the physician immediately. The other actions might have relevance but are not essential (safety related) at this time.
10. 3. It is essential to monitor peripheral pulses after the procedure. They should be assessed before the procedure to determine location and baseline levels. An iodine dye is used during a cardiac catheterization, not a radioisotope. There is no need to give the client an enema. Fluids may be encouraged after the test. The client will be NPO for eight hours before the test.
11. 4. A biopsy specimen cannot be obtained during a cardiac catheterization. Heart structures can be assessed, oxygen levels in the heart chambers can be determined, and cardiac output can be measured during a cardiac catheterization.
12. 1. Checking peripheral pulses is of highest priority. The complications most likely to occur are hemorrhage and obstruction of the vessel. The client is NPO before the procedure, not after. Cold may be applied to the insertion site to vasoconstrict. Heat vasodilates and is contraindicated because it might cause bleeding. Range of motion exercises might cause bleeding. The extremity used for the insertion site is
    kept quiet immediately following a cardiac catheterization.
13. 3. This answer indicates pain at rest, which suggests a progression of the angina. The other answers all indicate pain with known causes of angina, such as exercise, cold environment, or eating.
14. 1. Nitroglycerin can be given at five-minute intervals for up to three doses if the pain is not relieved. Positioning with head lower than feet increases cardiac workload and would make the client worse. PRN narcotics are not usually ordered for clients who have anginal pain. Nitroglycerin, a vasodilator, is usually the medication of choice. At some point, the physician will need to be called, but there is no need to alert the code team for possible intervention.
15. 3. Pain relief is the expected outcome when taking nitroglycerin. Vasodilation of coronary vessels will increase the blood supply to the heart muscle, decreasing pain caused by ischemia. Tingling under the tongue and a headache indicate that
    the medication is potent. His pulse rate should decrease when the pain is relieved. Increase in activity tolerance is nice, but nitroglycerin is given to relieve anginal pain.
16. 4. Walking more slowly and resting decreases energy expenditure and prevents an attack. Answer 3 treats an attack. By the time he has pain, he is experiencing angina. To prevent angina,
    he needs to walk slowly and rest frequently. He should eat small, frequent meals—not one large meal. He should exercise within his tolerance level. Staying in bed predisposes the client to the complications of immobility, such as clots and pneumonia.
17. 2. Reducing his physical activity reduces the cardiac workload. This response suggests a
    way that he can engage in sexual activity with minimum strain on the heart. Ambivalent feelings toward his wife are unlikely to cause anginal pain. There is some truth to being well rested and relaxed, but telling him that this is the only time he should have intercourse is not realistic. The nurse should not advise the client to have an alcoholic beverage before sexual activity.
18. 1. Chicken is lower in sodium than beef or seafood. Baking adds no sodium to the chicken. Barbecuing adds sodium and fat, and frying adds fat and usually sodium. Mashed potatoes contain little sodium. Chinese food is usually high in sodium. Tuna fish and celery are high in sodium. Steak and carrots are high in sodium.
19. 2. Dyspnea occurs with left-sided heart failure. Distended neck veins, hepatomegaly, and pitting edema are signs of right-sided heart failure.
20. 1. Lasix is a potassium-depleting diuretic. Digoxin toxicity occurs more quickly in the presence of a low serum potassium. Potassium supplements are usually ordered when the client is on a potassium- depleting diuretic. There is no indication for supplemental calcium. Aspirin and Coumadin are anticoagulants and are not indicated because the client is taking Lasix and digoxin.
21. 2. Disturbance in green and yellow vision is a sign of digoxin toxicity. A pulse of 60 is borderline for digoxin toxicity. When there is any possibility
    of digoxin toxicity, withhold the medication and report to the charge nurse. Once a person takes digoxin, it stays in the system for nearly a week. The LPN will of course record the findings, but withholding the medication is essential. The client needs to have serum digoxin levels done and does not need to be seen by an ophthalmologist. Visual disturbances are a sign of digoxin toxicity, but these are not normal.
22. 3. Because the client has such poor blood supply to his legs, the nurse must be very careful to protect him from injury. Increasing activity tolerance might be desirable but is certainly not the primary nursing goal. Note that the question does not indicate that he has poor exercise tolerance. There are no data in the question to indicate that the client is anxious. He may need help in building a positive body image because his legs are disfigured, but this is certainly not a high priority.
23. 2. This is an accurate answer that relates his behavior to his illness. All of the other statements are true about smoking but do not relate to his current health problem.
24. 2. This response opens communication and allows him to talk about his feelings. The other answers do not allow him to discuss his feelings with the nurse now.
25. 3. Chlorothiazide (Diuril) is a potassium-depleting diuretic. Orange juice and bananas are good sources of potassium. It is not necessary to increase fluids to two quarts when the client is taking a diuretic. Hard cheeses should be avoided when the client is taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). MAOIs are antidepressants. People who take Coumadin should not take aspirin.
26. 2. Chicken is low in sodium, as are mashed potatoes and green beans. Carrot sticks, steak, hot dogs, soup, and cottage cheese are all high in sodium.
27. 4. Age is least related to DVT. Oral estrogens, smoking, and a broken leg are all risk factors for DVT.
28. 3. Red, shiny skin suggests inflammation. Diminished pedal pulses and color changes in the extremities when elevated are indicative of arterial insufficiency, not a clot in the vein. Coolness and pallor do not suggest inflammation; redness and warmth suggest inflammation.
29. 3. High alcohol intake contributes to increases in blood pressure. Hypertensive clients are usually advised to limit alcohol intake to the equivalent of two glasses of wine or less per day. Dietary sodium should be limited in people with hypertension; however, dietary calcium is not a contributing factor in hypertension. Aerobic exercise is helpful in controlling high blood pressure. It may also contribute to weight reduction, which can help decrease blood pressure. Restriction of fluid intake is a medical order and is not appropriate advice for a nurse to give. Fluid restriction is avoided unless other measures are not successful.
30. 1. Disorientation and confusion are often the first signs of digitalis toxicity in the elderly. Weight gain and dyspnea are not signs of digoxin toxicity.
    They might indicate exacerbation of congestive heart failure. Diarrhea, not constipation, is a sign of digoxin toxicity. Constipation could occur if the client has restricted activity.
31. 4. Dyspnea and impaired oxygenation of tissues reduce the client’s ability to tolerate exercise. Excess fluid volume, manifested by edema,
    is much more likely to occur with congestive heart failure (CHF) than deficient fluid volume. Impaired verbal communication would describe dysphasia, which occurs with cerebrovascular accident (CVA), not CHF. Acute pain may occur with CHF when exacerbations occur. Chronic pain does not usually occur with CHF.
32. 3. Severe leg pain while walking describes intermittent claudication, which is the most common symptom of arteriosclerosis obliterans. Pain at rest develops in the late stages of the disease. Pain is much more likely than numbness with exercise. Paresthesias (including numbness) do occur, but they are likely at rest. The legs and feet of the client with arteriosclerosis obliterans become cool and pale when elevated
    because there is not enough blood flow to the extremities.
33. 1. Compression bandages or stockings help prevent edema and promote adequate venous blood flow and are a major element in the treatment of venous thromboembolism. Bed
    rest is appropriate in the acute stage of venous thromboembolism. Any form of exercise of the legs would increase the risk of pulmonary emboli. Heat is appropriate in the treatment of venous thromboembolism. Ice causes vasoconstriction, which decreases blood flow to the extremities.
34. 4. In Buerger-Allen exercises, the feet are elevated until they blanch, then dangled until they redden, and then stretched out while the client is lying flat. This promotes arterial circulation to the feet. Dorsiflexing and plantar flexing the feet help to maintain range of motion but are not Buerger- Allen exercises. The client with peripheral vascular disease should never massage the legs because of the high risk of dislodging a thrombus if one is present. Walking promotes venous circulation but is not a Buerger-Allen exercise.
35. 4. Sunburn would damage the already fragile skin, increasing the risk of ulceration and infection. Feet should not be soaked. Soaking leads to maceration, predisposing to skin breakdown or infection. The client with a peripheral vascular disorder should never walk barefoot. Small sharp objects such as pins may not be visible in carpet and could be stepped on. Lotion may be applied to dry areas of the legs and feet but must be avoided between the toes, where the excess moisture causes maceration. Ingredients in lotion provide a nutrient source for bacteria and fungi, increasing the infection risk if cracks in the skin occur.
36. 3. The client should function according to his normal daily schedule unless directed to do otherwise by the physician. Keeping a diary or log of these daily activities is necessary so that it can be correlated with the continuous ECG monitor strip to determine whether the dysrhythmia occurs during a certain activity or at a particular time of day. The Holter monitor is usually worn for only 24 hours, so it is not necessary to change the leads. Activities that precipitate symptoms may be correlated with a dysrhythmia that can be treated, preventing further symptoms from occurring. Therefore, it would be helpful if the client were symptomatic while attached to the Holter monitor.
37. 4. Following a cardiac catheterization in which an arterial site is used for access, the puncture
    or cutdown site should be assessed at least as often as vital signs are monitored. The client is
    at risk for development of bleeding, hemorrhage, hematoma formation, and arterial insufficiency
    of the affected extremity. When the arterial access site is used, the client is on strict bed rest for at least several hours. Fluids are encouraged after catheterization to increase urinary output and flush out the dye used during the procedure. There is no need to restrict dietary fiber. In fact, constipation can be dangerous for cardiac clients if they strain at stool (Valsalva maneuver.)
38. 1. The client’s symptoms suggest pulmonary edema. Any client with severe dyspnea,
    orthopnea, and bubbling respirations needs to be in an upright position. An upright position decreases venous return to the heart by allowing blood to pool in the extremities. Decreasing venous return lowers the output of the right ventricle and decreases lung congestion. Sitting upright also allows the abdominal organs to fall away from the diaphragm, easing breathing. Positioned with head lower than feet would not promote venous pooling in the extremities and would increase venous return and pulmonary congestion. The supine position also would contribute to increased pulmonary congestion. The prone position, lying on the abdomen, does not decrease venous return, which is what this client desperately needs.
39. 1. Although elevated LDL levels in proportion to HDL levels are positively correlated with CAD, elevated HDL levels in proportion to LDL levels may decrease the risk of developing CAD. HDL levels may increase with exercise, thereby decreasing a client’s risk of CAD. Age is not a predictor of HDL and LDL levels.
40. 1. Warm, moist heat applied to the extremity reduces the discomfort associated with thrombophlebitis. Vigorous massage of the leg is contraindicated in any client because it may cause a thrombus to become dislodged and possibly cause a pulmonary embolus. The leg should be elevated to prevent venous stasis. Leg exercises are used to prevent thrombophlebitis; once a client has thrombophlebitis, the leg is not exercised to prevent the thrombus from becoming an embolus.

Although, Bauchi might not be like other states that have many schools of nursing. Trust me, Bauchi State is good. For those asking if there are schools of nursing in Bauchi.

Here is the list of the nursing schools in Bauchi State:

1. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital Nursing Training Institution

The Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital is a tertiary hospital affiliated with ATBU. The hospital is also a learning center where medical professionals are trained. The ATBUTH has a school of Nursing where Nursing programs like Basic midwifery, Basic Nursing, and other advanced Nursing courses are offered. The school is accredited by the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria. The school is owned and controlled by the governing body of the university. The College of Nursing Sciences, ATBU Teaching Hospital, Bauchi, remains a premier institution for aspiring midwifery professionals. Whether you are just starting your journey or are a community midwife seeking further accreditation, the College offers programmes tailored for excellence.

Under this institution, we have the following:

a. COLLEGE OF NURSING SCIENCES, School of Nursing, ATBU, Bauchi

LOCATION: 8RQ9+H43, Hospital Road off, Yandoka Rd, 740101, Bauchi

Admission Requirements:

Potential candidates must have the following requirements before he/she can be considered:

1. Candidates must have five credits in English, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, and Physics in NECO, WAEC, or NABTEB in not more than two sittings. NABTEB can only be combined with NABTEB.
2. Candidate must have written UME exams and got the required point that will be determined by JAMB.
3. Candidates applying for admission must be above the age of 16 years.

Does college of nursing sciences, School of Nursing, ATBU, Bauchi require Jamb?

Yes, it requires you to write and have a good grade in Jamb before they can offer you admission.

b. School of Basic Midwifery, ATBU, Bauchi

Admission Requirements:

• Candidates applying for Basic Midwifery must have five Credits in English, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, and Physics in NECO, WAEC, or NABTEB, and should not be from more than two sittings. NABTEB results can only be combined with other NABTEB results.

For Direct Entry Basic Midwifery for Community Midwives:

• In addition to the aforementioned basic requirements, candidates aspiring for direct entry must have an active registration as a Community Midwife.

Does the School of Basic Midwifery, ATBU, Bauchi require Jamb?

Yes, it requires you to write and have a good grade in Jamb before they can offer you admission.

c. Community Midwifery Program ATBU, Bauchi SOPBN (Peri-operative)

Admission Requirements:

• Candidates must be a registered Nurse with a current practising licence 
• Must possess five credits In WAEC or NECO in not more than two sittings, to include English Language. Mathematics, Biology, Physics and Chemistry. NABTEB must be combined with NABTEB only.

2. Aliko Dangote College of Nursing Sciences, Bauchi

Aliko Dangote College of Nursing Sciences Bauchi was established in the year 2010 following the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the Civilian administration of Malam (Dr.) Isah Yuguda after cedi g the former Schools of Nursing and Midwifery to the Federal Government. Bauchi State House of Assembly passed the law establishing the College which was assented by the then Governor on 30th January, 2011. The College started operation in September 2013, following the appointment of the Governing Council.

The College runs the following programmes and other health related courses, among which are

• General Nursing
• General Midwifery and
• Community Midwifery

The College obtained its provisional accreditation in October 2019 from the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria.

General Nursing

The goal of Nursing over the years has been to contribute to the health of individuals and the entire society. Initially, nursing had concentrated on the care and comfort of the ill and injured, but as a result of advances in health sciences, the emphasis is now placed on protective, preventive and rehabilitative care.

The Basic Nursing education Programme is therefore geared towards the learning needs of students, health needs of the community and society. The Programme forms the basis for the practice of nursing and continuing education in the discipline  of nursing.

Basic & Community Midwifery

The curriculum for this programme is specifically designed for the training of midwives, who are critical to the delivery of safe maternal and child health services at the community level. The midwife is capable of functioning  in all areas of the health care delivery system.

The Basic Midwifery Programme is aimed at producing practitioners who are able to make independent judgments, manage normal midwifery, provide appropriate care including family planning, and refer individuals with high-risk pregnancies and complications to other levels of health care.

Admission Requirements For General Nursing and General Midwifery

Candidates for admission into the General Nursing Education programme must:

• Possess the senior secondary school certificate (WAEC or NECO), with minimum of Five (5) credits including English Language, Mathematics, Physics, Biology and Chemistry at no more than Two (2) sittings.
• Candidates applying for the Post Basic Programme must be a qualified registered Midwife or Mental Health Nurse in addition to the above basic requirements.

The General Nursing Programme is a 3-calendar year (6 semesters) programme of study.

Admission Requirements For Community Midwifery

Candidates for admission into the Bauchi State Community Midwifery Programme must:

• Possess Senior Secondary School Certificate with at least Credits in English and Biology or Health Science and three (3) passes in any O-level subjects at no more than two (2) sittings. Applicants are allowed to combine WAEC and NECO results.
• Candidates for the Community Midwife Programme must be residential within her Local Government of origin.
• Minimum age for admission is 18 years.
• Maximum age for admission is 35 years.

The Community Midwifery program is an 18-month Programme of study.

Does Aliko Dangote College of Nursing Sciences, Bauchi require Jamb?

It depends on the program. As for ND-HND Nursing, yes, they require Jamb.

How much are the School fees for the School of Nursing Bauchi?

Nursing Sciences is a very expensive course almost all over the world. School fees for Bauchi Schools of Nursing can be estimated to be around 120,000 or more.

Does Aliko Dangote College of Nursing Sciences, Bauchi offer Nursing?

Yes, they do.

COURSES FOR EACH SEMESTER OF THE PROGRAMME

Every school of nursing organized the three (3) years programme for general nursing in semesters. Each year has two (2) semesters, and courses are allotted to each semester. The first year has the preliminary training session (PTS) as the first semester and the junior block as the second semester. The second and third years also have first and second semesters.

Below are the courses for each semester.

FIRST YEAR

First Semester (PTS) Preliminary Training Session

Anatomy and Physiology
Foundations of Nursing 1
Community Health 1
Family Health 1
Pharmacology 1
Nutrition
Behavioral Science
Microbiology
Physics
Chemistry
Use of English
Computer Science
Use of Library
Hospital based clinical practice

Second Semester (Junior Block)

Medical/Surgical Nursing 1
Foundations of Nursing1
Family Health 1
Community Health1
Nutrition
Dietetics
Pharmacology 1
Parasitology
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Behavioural Science
Use of English
Hospital based clinical practice

SECOND YEAR

First Semester

Medical/Surgical Nursing 11
Foundations of Nursing 11
Family Health 11
Community Health 11
Pharmacology 11
Research Methodology
Statistical Method
Emergency Nursing
Principles of Management and Teaching
Hospital based clinical practice
Dietetics
Use of English
Parasitology

Second Semester

Medical/Surgical Nursing
Family Health 11
Community Health 11
Foundations of Nursing 11
Pharmacology 11
Research Methodology
Statistical method
Emergency Nursing
Principles of Management and Teaching
Dietetics
Mental Health Nursing
Use of English
Hospital based clinical practice
Community based clinical practice
Parasitology

THIRD YEAR

First Semester

Medical/Surgical Nursing 111
Community Health 111
Family Health 111
Foundations of Nursing 111
Pharmacology 111
Research Methodology
Statistical method
Principles of Management & Teaching
Ophthalmology
Ear, nose and throat
Anesthesiology
Theatre technique
Orthopaedics
Use of English
Seminar in Nursing
Hospital based clinical practice
Emergency Nursing

Second Semester

Medical/Surgical Nursing 111
Family Health 111
Community Health 111
Foundations of Nursing111
Pharmacology 111
Research Methodology
Statistical method
Emergency Nursing
Principles of Management and Teaching
Hospital based clinical practice
Theatre technique
Anaesthesiology
Use of English
Seminar in Nursing

There are a good number of Schools of Nursing in Akwa Ibom that are approved by NMCN, I shall be listening to them ehh

1. School of Nursing, Anua, Uyo

School of Nursing Anua in Uyo is one of the most popular nursing schools in Akwa Ibom State.

2. School of Nursing, Eket

3. School of Nursing, Ikot Ekpene

4. School of Nursing, Ituk, Mbang.

5. School of Post Basic Midwifery, Anua, Uyo

6. School of Post Basic Midwifery, Iquita-Oron

7. School of Post Basic Midwifery, Ituk-Mbang

8. School of Psychiatric Nursing, Eket

To becoming a nurse in Kano State, there are several reputable nursing schools to consider for your training and education.

1. Kano State School of Nursing

The Kano State School of Nursing offers a 3-year basic nursing program leading to the Registered Nursing (RN) credential. They have a high success rate for the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria licensing exam. The school has modern facilities and highly qualified lecturers. Admission requires 5 credits in WASSCE/NECO including English Language, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry & Biology at not more than two sittings.

2. Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital School of Post Basic Nursing Studies

For licensed RNs pursuing advanced certifications, the Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital School of Post Basic Nursing Studies provides quality education and practical experience. They offer post-basic programs in Midwifery, Ophthalmic, Pediatric, Psychiatric, Public Health Nursing and Anesthesia. Admission requires an RN license and a year of work experience.

3. Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital School of Nursing

Affiliated with Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, this school produces skilled and caring nurses and midwives. They offer Basic Nursing, Post-Basic Midwifery and Ophthalmic Nursing programs. Facilities include skill labs, demonstration rooms, a library and more. Admission requires 5 credits in WASSCE/NECO/SSCE/GCE including English, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Biology.

4. Hamdala College of Nursing Sciences (HAMCONS), Medile

Hamdala College of Nursing Sciences (HAMCONS), Medile, Kano is a registered Cooperate Institution with Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria – Established by Decree 89 1979.

It is also a registered entity with cooperate affairs commission under Hamdala Islamic Support Foundation with the CAC registration Number 171440. The institution was registered with other relevant regulatory bodies/Ministries of Health and Tertiary Education in Kano State.

The Objectives of Hamdala College of Nursing Sciences includes: Promotion and availing the youth with learning and development opportunities in health education and technology. Uplift the standard of health care delivery system across the Country and enhanced discipline, professionalism and commitment to excellence in health education services delivery.

5. Dansharif College Of Nursing Sciences Kano

Dansharif College Of Nursing Sciences Kano, is incepted from the lifelong passion and commitment to humanity of the Founder Alh Rabiu Dansharif, this is to respond to the demand of quality and affordable health workers specifically Nurses and Midwives in our community. At Dansharif College of Nursing Sciences, our education system inspires the next generation. DCNS is:

• Approved by Nursing & Midwifery Council of Nigeria.
• Affiliated to World Standard Universities.
• Students Clinical Experience from Renowned Hospitals.

Programmes Offered Are Dansharif College Of Nursing Sciences Kano:

1. Basic Nursing

Candidates for admission into Basic Midwifery Programme must possess the senior secondary school certificate or its equivalent with credit in at least five (5) subjects i.e. Physics, Chemistry, Biology, English and Mathematics at not more than two (2) sittings.

2. Basic Midwifery

Candidates for admission into Basic Midwifery Programme must possess the senior secondary school certificate or its equivalent with credit in at least five (5) subjects i.e. Physics, Chemistry, Biology, English and Mathematics at not more than two (2) sittings.

3. Community Nursing

Candidate for admission into Community Nursing Programme must possess the senior secondary certificate or its equivalent with five credits in English Language, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Biology at not more 2 sitting (NECO-NECO or WAEC-WAEC).

4. Community Midwifery

Candidates for admission into Community Midwifery Programme must possess the senior secondary school certificate or its equivalent with credit in at least five (5) subjects i.e. Physics, Chemistry, Biology, English and Mathematics at not more than two (2) sittings.

6. Aminu Dabo College of Nursing and Midwifery, Kano

Phone: 070-4280-0003, 070-4280-0004, 070-4280-0005

Website address: https://adcons.edu.ng

i) You are expected to enter not more than two sittings of O’level Examination results

ii) You are expected to enter grade details of relevant O’level results (SSCE/WAEC etc)

iii) You are also required to specify the centre number and exam number of all the results you have entered.

7. Emirate College Of Nursing Sciences (ECONS), Kano

This is a private school you can easily secure her admission
School fee around 300k for first year.

8. Maryam Abacha American University of Nigeria, Kano

Maryam Abacha American University of Nigeria (MAAUN) is a large private university situated in the ancient commercial city of Kano State of Nigeria. 

Maryam Abacha American University of Nigeria, Kano is fully licensed and accredited by the National Universities Commission (NUC).

MAAUN is well-equipped with the State – of – the – Art facilities, experienced faculties, ideal and flexible learning environment. Furthermore, the academic programs are robust and enriched with real-world working experience, career prospects, multicultural experiences in tandem with the global best practice.

At the moment, the University runs 19 undergraduate programs in five schools – Computing, Health Sciences, Nursing Science, School of Law, Social and Management Sciences.

MAAUN is located at No. 5 Adamu Abubakar Gwarzo Road, Hotoro – Nassarawa, GRA Kano.

With opportunities at reputable institutions, Kano State has options for those aspiring to join the nursing profession or build upon their current nursing career. By choosing an accredited nursing school, you will receive a high quality education to prepare you for licensing and a rewarding career helping others.

I want to clear the air by answering so many questions from candidates who have been asking me questions.

Is there any school of nursing selling form now?

Truthful saying, there are a few or no school of nursings selling admission forms presently. If there are, they could not be your preferred school of choice.

Can I apply for school of nursing without Jamb?

This depends on your choice of school.

Yes, there are so many schools of nursing you can apply without Jamb. Here is the list of the schools of nursing without Jamb.

Can I apply for nursing school now?

The question is; what nursing school do you have in mind to apply to? Because there are several schools of nursing whose admission forms are no longer on sale.

Can I apply for school of nursing without jamb scores 140, 160, etc

Yes, although it depends on your choice, there are schools of nursing you can actually apply to with the Jamb scores below 140.

Can I still gain admission into school of nursing now?

Yes, you can gain admission provided that you purchased the admission form and applied for admission. Admissions are in batches, if you are not in Batch A, you may be in the subsequent Batches.

Which school of nursing is currently available that does not require Jamb?

Only private schools of nursing are currently available and do not require Jamb. If you can afford it, why not? Are you ready to go to the state where the school is located? If yes and show interest, I will list them in the comment section.

When will they start selling forms for midwifery?

Various schools of midwifery in different states have different periods during which they sell their admission forms depending on their academic calendar. But mostly, admission forms commence between the 2nd quarter of the year for most schools of midwifery whereas few start at the beginning of the year. Always visit this site, we do keep students updated.

Can I study Nursing sciences with Jamb scores of 240, 250, etc.?

We have many universities offering nursing sciences with their Jamb cut-off marks for nursing sciences. Check the list of schools and their cut-off marks here

What are the school fees for schools of nursing in Nigeria?

Studying nursing in Nigeria is very expensive, and if you can’t afford it please kindly back out now. Approximately, school fees for nursing range from #200,000 and above for entrance. This also includes federal universities.

When is the form going to be on sale again?

We shall update you whenever any school of nursing starts selling their admission forms. Just keep visiting this site for updates on the admission process.

Which school of nursing is selling form in Nigeria now?

At this time of writing this, there are few or no schools of nursing except private schools of nursing.